![]() For more information see the APA Manual pp.Letter order is determined by Reference list order, not in-text citation order. The Year-letter combination is used both in-text and in the reference list entry, even if the reference list entry has a more specific date. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from Multiple works published in same year with identical author(s)Īdd a lower-case letter after the year (or "-letter" if not a year, eg. (for example, articles from magazines or newspapers)ĭate retrieved from a source that is likely to change Some works include the month, day and/or season If a "last updated" date for a work on a website, use thatĭo not use the copyright date in the website footer as it may not indicate when the content was published In a reference the date refers to the date of publication.īooks use the copyright year shown on the book's copyright page Select the type of resource in the menu to find more reference examples. Pseudonyms (if the author has only one name) The economy: Economics for a changing world. Oxford University Press. List the first 19 authors in the order they appear, insert an ellipsis ".", and then the final author.American Journal of Human Genetics, 99(4), 877–85. Weiva, S. (2016). Revel: An ensemble method for predicting the pathogenicity of rare missense variants. A., Lange, E.M., Schleutker, J., Carpten, J. M., Rothstein, J.H., Pejaver, V., Middha, S., McDonnell, S.K., Baheti, S., Musolf, A., Li, Q., Holzinger, E., Karyadi, D., Cannon-Albright, L.A., Teerlink, C.C., Stanford, J. Use an ampersand ("&") before the final author. ![]() List all author up to and including the 20th author in the order they appear. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 526. Survey of wearable multi-modal vital parameters measurement systems. ![]() Szczȩsna, A., Nowak, A., Grabiec, P., Paszkuta, M., Tajstra, M., & Wojciechowska, M. Learning to do qualitative data analysis: An observational study of doctoral work. Tourism resilience and adaptation to environmental change: Definitions and frameworks. Routledge. Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry, 46, 106–115. Beyond essentialism: Contemporary Moana art from Aotearoa New Zealand. Dew & A. Matheson (Eds.), Understanding health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. Research methods: A modular approach (3rd ed.). If a work is signed "Anonymous", use "Anonymous" as the author.If the author cannot be identified, move the title of the work to the author position.If the author and the publisher are the same you can omit the publisher.When the author is not clear you can use a group as the author.286, s9.8 for more detailsĪuckland University of Technology Library. (n.d.). If given names are hyphenated, retain the hyphen, with no space between the first initial and the hyphen.Include all 20 authors' name, use "&" before the final author's name.Ģ1 or more authors: the first 19 authors. What tricks do you use to keep your hyphens, en dashes, and em dashes straight? Share in the comments.In a reference the author refers to the person(s) or group responsible for the work. Do you think you have the hyphen, en dash, and em dash under control? Complete the practice below and find out. Take a few minutes to play with how to create hyphens, en dashes, and em dashes in your favorite word processing tool. Let's line them up all in a row for a quick comparison: In the current version of Google Docs, you can simply type the hyphen key twice (no spaces), and it automatically creates the en dash (unless you are using an international keyboard).Īnd if you'd like to copy and paste an en dash, copy away: – Practice Telling Them Apart Press “insert” to add it to your document. Click on “Insert” and then “Symbols.” Click “more symbols” and find the en dash. If you have a number keypad, you can use the shortcut alt+0150 to create the en dash.Īnd finally, you can add an en dash from the symbols menu. If you type “I'm flying from Austin Detroit,” then Word automatically makes the hyphen an en dash. Microsoft Word will automatically replace a hyphen with an en dash if you add a space before and after it. In Windows, there are a few ways to do it. If you are on a Mac or iOS device, press option and the hyphen (-) key to create the en dash. The en dash isn't a key on your keyboard, so here's a quick guide to help you type them correctly.
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